1. 1.Raw materials, whether steel scrap or direct reduced iron pellets (DRI) are imported to the plants stock yards.
   

2. 2.The correct charge mix, which is a mixture of the available types of scrap and DRI is charged into the electric arc furnace where it is melted.
   

3. 3.After the charge is melted, it is tapped into a ladle at approximately 1620 °C. During tapping some alloying additions and lime are made to adjust the composition of the steel melt and the slag basicity.
   

4. 4.The ladle is transported to the ladle furnace station where the bath temperature and composition are tuned. At the ladle furnace the steel bath is stirred in order to homogenise the composition as well as allow inclusion floatation and therefore ensure clean steels.
   

5. 5.The ladle carrying the melted steel is transferred to the continuous caster, where it is poured into a tundish. The steel then flows out of the tundish and into the continuous caster moulds where it forms a solid crust and takes the shape of billets.
   

6. 6.Water sprays are continuously applied on the solidifying billets until the billets reach the torch cutting machine where they are cut to length. The billets are at approximately at 800 °C at this stage.
   

7. 7.The billets are then reheated in a furnace up to 1200 °C, where an austenitic phase change is provoked making the billets malleable. This is the first step of our thermo-mechanical treatment.
   

8. 8.After the billets reach the required temperature they are descaled to remove all surface impurities and rolled uniformly until the required section reduction is achieved, in the final stage of this rolling process the ribs are forged into the bars. Tungsten carbide (ultra high wear resistant) rolls are used to ensure consistent dimensional accuracy and superior surface finish of the ribs for ultra-homogeneous bonding with the concrete.
   

9. 9.These rebars are then quenched, transforming the surface ring to a strong, tough martensitic microstructure, while the core remains hot.
   

10. 10.As the bars are cut to length and laid on the cooling bed where they are air cooled, the hot core slowly tempers the martensitic shell and therefore relieves some of the residual stresses induced by quenching. This concludes our thermo-mechanical treatment.
    

11. 11.This means that the outer shell now has a tempered martensitic structure which gives our products their superior strength, while the core is a ductile ferritic + pearlitic structure which gives the bars the required bend ability for our customers convenience.

Scrap + DRI

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Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

EAF at tapping position

Ladle pouring into Tundish

Torch cutting machine

Billets Reheat

Furnace

Rolling Mill

Stands

Ladle furnace

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Thermo-processing